§ 104
Chapter VI — Aggregation Of Income

Unexplained asset

Income-tax Act, 2025

If an asset is found to be owned by an assessee but is not recorded in their books, and they cannot provide a satisfactory explanation for its acquisition, the asset's value may be considered as part of the assessee's income. This applies to various types of assets, including

  • money
  • bullion
  • jewellery
  • virtual digital assets
. The asset's value will be deemed income for the tax year it was found.

📜 Official text of the section +
104. (1) Where in any tax year, any asset has been found to be owned by or belong- ing to the assessee which is not recorded in the books of account, if any, main- tained by such assessee for any source of income, or the Assessing Officer finds that the amount expended in acquiring such asset exceeds the amount recorded in such books of account and— ( a) the assessee offers no explanation about the nature and source of acqui- sition of such asset, or such excess amount, as the case may be; or ( b) the explanation offered about the nature and source of acquisition of such asset by the assessee, is not satisfactory in the opinion of the Assessing Officer, then, the value of such asset, or such excess amount, as the case may be, shall be deemed to be the income of the assessee of the tax year in which such asset has been found to be owned by, or belonging to, the assessee. (2) For the purposes of this section, “asset” includes money, bullion, jewellery, virtual digital asset or other valuable article. Unexplained expenditure.

Plain-language summary — not the official text. Refer to the bare Act and confirm with a professional for your specific case.